Cost basis is used to determine your gain or loss for tax purposes should an investment
be sold. The cost basis is the purchase price of a mutual fund (or other asset)
plus reinvested dividends and reinvested capital gains distributions. If an investment
is sold and the market value exceeds the cost basis, then there is a realized capital
gain. Conversely, if the cost basis exceeds the market value, then there is a realized
capital loss. Parnassus Funds will default to Average Basis if a cost basis disposition
method is not chosen.
Calculating Cost Basis
The IRS allows you to calculate cost basis using one of three methods.
Average Basis. Under this method, the shareholder must divide the total cost basis
of all shares held in the account (including reinvested distributions) by the total
number of shares held at the time of the sale or redemption. The holding period
of the shares sold is determined on a FIFO basis. This method is most commonly used
by mutual funds (including Parnassus Funds) when providing cost basis information
to their shareholders.
First-in, First-out (FIFO). This method assumes that the first shares acquired were
the first shares redeemed. While this method is simple to apply, it may result in
the realization of larger gains if the first shares you acquired were purchased
at the lowest prices. The IRS assumes FIFO is used if shares are not adequately
identified at the time of the sale or exchange or another method has not been selected.
Specific Share Identification. Under this method, the shareholder is required to
specifically identify the shares sold at the time of the sale. Although this method
allows shareholders to identify the shares that will yield the most favorable tax
result, it may result in additional record keeping.
You're required to provide written instructions to your selling agent in advance
of any redemption as to which shares are to be sold.
Once you've selected an Average Basis method for calculating the cost basis for
a particular fund, you generally cannot change to another cost basis method without
the approval of the IRS. However, you can select different methods for other funds
you may own. For additional information on the three available methods, please refer
to IRS Publication 550, Mutual Fund Distributions.